I. The Jehovah Witnesses and the Trinity
1. The Jehovah Witnesses do not believe in the Trinity. Here are some of the reasons as stated at the official Watchtower website ;
- The concept of the Trinity cannot be found in the Old Testament.
- Bernhard Lohse says in A Short History of Christian Doctrine: “As far as the New Testament is concerned, one does not find in it an actual doctrine of the Trinity.”
- The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology similarly states: “The New Testament does not contain the developed doctrine of the Trinity. ‘The Bible lacks the express declaration that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are of equal essence’ [said Protestant theologian Karl Barth].”
- Yale University professor E. Washburn Hopkins affirmed: “To Jesus and Paul the doctrine of the trinity was apparently unknown; . . . they say nothing about it.”—Origin and Evolution of Religion.
- Historian Arthur Weigall notes: “Jesus Christ never mentioned such a phenomenon, and nowhere in the New Testament does the word ‘Trinity’ appear. The idea was only adopted by the Church three hundred years after the death of our Lord.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.
- Thus, neither the 39 books of the Hebrew Scriptures nor the canon of 27 inspired books of the Christian Greek Scriptures provide any clear teaching of the Trinity.
.http://www.watchtower.org/e/ti/index.htm
2. They further state that the doctrine developed over many hundreds of years and was made official by Constantine at the Council of Nicaea.However,the Holy Spirit was not included and so the Trinity was not officially recognized even then.
II. The Witnesses and their view of Jesus Christ – He is not co-equal to God Almighty.
1. They take verses where Jesus speaks about the Father in terms of his human relationship to prove that he was not deity. He was “the Son of God,not Almighty God” For example -
[49] For I have not spoken on my own authority, but the Father who sent me has himself given me a commandment—what to say and what to speak. [50] And I know that his commandment is eternal life. What I say, therefore, I say as the Father has told me.”
(John 12:49-50 ESV
[28] You heard me say to you, ‘I am going away, and I will come to you.’ If you loved me, you would have rejoiced, because I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I.
(John 14:28 ESV)
2.Verses that show human (rather than divine knowledge).
[22] Jesus answered, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am to drink?” They said to him, “We are able.” [23] He said to them, “You will drink my cup, but to sit at my right hand and at my left is not mine to grant, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father.”
(Matthew 20:22; Matthew 20:23 ESV)
[No One Knows That Day or Hour]
[32] “But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. [33] Be on guard, keep awake. For you do not know when the time will come.
(Mark 13:32-33 ESV)
3. Jesus is said to be “subordinate” even after his ascension -
[3] But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of a wife is her husband, and the head of Christ is God.
(1 Corinthians 11:3 ESV)
[26] The last enemy to be destroyed is death. [27] For “God has put all things in subjection under his feet.” But when it says, “all things are put in subjection,” it is plain that he is excepted who put all things in subjection under him. [28] When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to him who put all things in subjection under him, that God may be all in all.
(1 Corinthians 15:26-27; 1 Corinthians 15:28 ESV)
4. Jesus called God ” My God” obviously Jesus is not God Almighty. Paul refers to God as the “God” of Jesus Christ.
[2] Wake up, and strengthen what remains and is about to die, for I have not found your works complete in the sight of my God.
(Revelation 3:2 ESV)
[3] Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort,
(2 Corinthians 1:3 ESV)
5. Jesus confessed that he was the “Son of God” and the “Son of Man”.He was a “mighty spirit person”,(Michael the Archangel) created by Almighty God,but not God.
III. The Watchtower does not regard the Holy Spirit as having personality. Thus,He becomes an “it”,and is merely a “force” emanating from God.
- The Holy Spirit can be compared to electricity- “a controlled force that Jehovah God uses to accomplish a variety of his purposes”.
- These purposes include creation,enlightenment of those who serve God,Bible prophecy,judgments upon mankind,miracles performed by the prophets of God ,Jesus Christ,and his disciples.
- Scriptures that present the holy spirit as a person are “personifying the spirit”. Wisdom is personified in the Scriptures,yet is not a person,the “water and the blood” are said to be “witnesses” in I John 5:6-8,yet are not persons.
- Jesus spoke of the holy spirit as a helper and the spirit is referred to as “he”. But other times when the Greek word for spirit is neuter,the word “it is employed in the Greek,yet translated “he” in Bible translations.
IV. A Biblical response to the Watchtower’s view of the Trinity and the Deity of Christ.
1.Any Biblical response should use the Scriptures and be in context,with a proper hermeneutic that utilizes all of the Scriptures,and does not pick and choose a few verses out of context.Although there are different ways to respond to the Watchtowers attack on these doctrines,I like to use the following method.
2.Don’t start with a definition of the Trinity first,show the Deity of Jesus Christ.
[The Word Became Flesh]- Not Michael the Archangel – and not “a god”
[1:1] In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. [2] He was in the beginning with God.
(John 1:1-2 ESV)
[14] And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. [15] (John bore witness about him, and cried out, “This was he of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me ranks before me, because he was before me.’”) [16] And from his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace. [17] For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
[18] No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known.
(John 1:14-17; John 1:18 ESV)
[The Preeminence of Christ]
[15] He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. [16] For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. [17] And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together. [18] And he is the head of the body, the church. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in everything he might be preeminent. [19] For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, [20] and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.
(Colossians 1:15-20 ESV)
The controversial word in Colossians 1 is “firstborn”. Does it mean first created or preeminent one ? The Watchtower says” first created” Here is a good explanation of why they are wrong.
The argument that “firstborn” means “first created” in Col. 1:15 can seem true when one considers the pool of meaning for the word (although “first offspring” would better reflect the meaning of the Greek word used here: prototokos). “First created” is one of the many, and even more literal meanings of the word. The problem is that the context clearly shows that “first created” was not Paul’s intended meaning in Colossians.
Paul uses the same basic word for “all things” in vv.16-17 as he used in his expression “every creature” (all creation) in v.15. Syntactically then, Paul says Jesus existed before (v. 17), created (v.16) and sustains (v.17) that set of things of which he is the “first born” (v.15), i.e., the set of “all creation.” This agrees with John, who says, “In the beginning was the Word (literal Greek “…was existing the Word.” John’s use of the imperfect tense shows continuous duration of existence in the past)…. All things were made by Him; and without Him was not anything made that was made” (John 1:1,3).
If Paul had meant “first created” when he wrote prototokos, at Col. 1:15, then his following statements make Christ Himself a part of those very things which Paul says Christ created and sustains, and before which He existed.
The best strategy regarding this “firstborn” issue is not a long explanation of grammar and linguistics, but a demonstration of the clear teaching of the scripture, in context. Start with the context of Colossians 1. Show that the word cannot have two different meanings in the same context, and then try to plug in the “first created” meaning into verse eighteen, to read “first created from the dead.” This is obviously meaningless, so there must be more to the idea of “firstbornness.”
If they still want to defend their ungrounded position, have them read Genesis 41:51-52. Then have them read Jeremiah 31:9. Reminding them that these are the words of God, ask, “Did God make a mistake, or is He using ‘firstborn’ in the sense of ‘preeminence’?” Obviously, the latter is true. This coordinates exactly with the context and obviously intended meaning of Paul in Colossians.http://www.watchman.org/jw/1stborn2.htm
[The Supremacy of God's Son]-He is not an angel – He is clearly deity
[1:1] Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, [2] but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world. [3] He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, [4] having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.
[5] For to which of the angels did God ever say,
“You are my Son,
today I have begotten you”?
Or again,
“I will be to him a father,
and he shall be to me a son”?
(Hebrews 1:1-5 ESV)
[6] And again, when he brings the firstborn into the world, he says,
“Let all God’s angels worship him.”
(Hebrews 1:6; Hebrews 1:7-9 ESV) [7] Of the angels he says,
“He makes his angels winds,
and his ministers a flame of fire.”
[8] But of the Son he says,
“Your throne, O God, is forever and ever,
the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom.
[9] You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness;
therefore God, your God, has anointed you
with the oil of gladness beyond your companions.”
(Hebrews 1:6; Hebrews 1:7-9 ESV)
[5] Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, [6] who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, [7] but made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. [8] And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. [9] Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, [10] so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, [11] and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
(Philippians 2:5-11 ESV)
Please note that every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Jehovah to the glory of God the Father. These are just a few verses that can be shared. One can also use the ” I Am” verses in the Gospel of John,to show Jesus claiming deity as well.As a matter of fact,the entire Gospel of John teaches the Deity of Christ.
3. The Watchtower claims that the subordinate role of Jesus means he is not deity. However,the better explanation for the verses they quote is that Jesus Christ voluntarily submitted to the Father and the Spirit .They are all equal in nature,yet have roles that they fulfill. Much as a husband and wife are equal in nature,yet carry out the roles that they have to glorify God. The Father sent the Son,who voluntarily came to earth,submitted to the Father’s will in all things,and was led by the Holy Spirit in all things.
3. The personality of the Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit works behind the scenes,in the background if you will. It pleases Him to bring glory to the Father and the Son.
[12] “I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. [13] When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come. [14] He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you. [15] All that the Father has is mine; therefore I said that he will take what is mine and declare it to you.
(John 16:12-15 ESV)
[3] Therefore I want you to understand that no one speaking in the Spirit of God ever says “Jesus is accursed!” and no one can say “Jesus is Lord” except in the Holy Spirit.
(1 Corinthians 12:3 ESV)
9] But, as it is written,
“What no eye has seen, nor ear heard,
nor the heart of man imagined,
what God has prepared for those who love him”—
[10] these things God has revealed to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God. [11] For who knows a person’s thoughts except the spirit of that person, which is in him? So also no one comprehends the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God. [12] Now we have received not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might understand the things freely given us by God. [13] And we impart this in words not taught by human wisdom but taught by the Spirit, interpreting spiritual truths to those who are spiritual.
[14] The natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned. [15] The spiritual person judges all things, but is himself to be judged by no one. [16] “For who has understood the mind of the Lord so as to instruct him?” But we have the mind of Christ.
(1 Corinthians 2:9-16 ESV)
The Father,Son,and Holy Spirit work in conjunction to bring spiritual truth to the believers. They are distinguished by their differing roles,and by the relationship they have with one another. A good definition of the Trinity would be the following -
There is one and only one God,eternally existing and fully expressed in three Persons,the Father,the Son,and the Holy Spirit.Each member of the Godhead is equally God,each is eternally God,and each is fully God- not three gods but three Persons of the one Godhead. Each person is equal in essence as each possesses fully the identically same,eternal divine nature,yet each is also an eternal and distinct personal expression of the one undivided divine nature.(Father,Son,and Holy Spirit,Bruce A.Ware,pg103)
Bruce Ware gives 10 reasons to focus on the wonder of the Trinity in his book Father,Son,and Holy Spirit . The book is well worth purchasing just for his explanations of these 10 points alone.
- The doctrine of the Trinity is one of the most distinguishing doctrines of the Christian faith and therefore is deserving of our careful study,passionate embrace,and thoughtful application.
- The doctrine of the Trinity is both central and necessary for the Christian faith to be what it is. Remove the Trinity,and the whole Christian faith disintegrates.(Think creation,redemption,consummation) MW
- Worship of the true and living God consciously acknowledges the relationship and roles of Father,Son,and Holy Spirit.
- The Christian’s life of prayer must rightly acknowledge the roles of Father,Son,and Spirit as we pray through the Son,in the power of the Spirit.
- The triune relationships of the Father,Son,and Holy Spirit cause us to marvel at the unity of the triune God.
- The triune relationships of the Father,Son,and Holy Spirit cause us to marvel at the diversity within the triune God.
- The triune relationships of the Father,Son,and Holy Spirit cause us to wonder at the social relationality of the triune God.
- The triune relationships of the Father,Son,and Holy Spirit cause us to marvel at the authority-submission structure that exists eternally in the three Persons in the Godhead,each of whom is equally and fully God.
- The doctrine of the Trinity-one God existing in three Persons in the ways we have described-provides one of the most important and neglected patterns for how human life an human relationships are to be constructed.(ibid.15-22)